CHAPTER 381. TITLE TO PROPERTY AND RESTRICTIONS ON USE, OWNERSHIP, AND ALIENATION  


010. Commonwealth vested with ultimate property to lands.
020. Titles allodial and subject to escheat -- Right of eminent domain.
030. Death of disseizor -- Effect.
040. Estates may commence in future.
050. Estate created by conveyance to husband and wife -- Will not to defeat right to the entirety by survivorship.
060. Fee simple created, when -- Possession vests in grantee.
070. Estates tail converted into estates in fee -- Limitation on.
080. Construction of "without heirs," "without children" or "issue" in deed or will.
090. Construction of "estate for life, remainder to heirs."
100. Contingent remainder.
110. Alienation or union of estate does not affect remainder.
120. Joint tenants -- Partition -- Death of one.
130. Exceptions to KRS 381.120.
135. Court-appointed commissioners to determine division of land jointly held and allotment of dower or curtesy -- Survey requirement.
136. Life tenants and their descendants -- Partition.
140. Posthumous child may take estate in remainder.
150. Conveyance of greater estate than grantor owns -- Effect.
160. Purchaser evicted by heir of grantor may recover to extent of estate inherited.
170. Consideration paid by other than grantee -- Effect.
180. Estates in trust subject to debts of beneficiary -- Spendthrift trusts excepted -- Other exceptions.
190. Sale of realty by trustee by virtue of pledge or deed of trust.
200. Deeds construed to include buildings and appurtenances -- Solar easements.
210. Reversion may be sold -- Rights and duties of purchaser.
215. Repealed, 2010. [Repealed]
216. Repealed, 2010. [Repealed]
217. Repealed, 2010. [Repealed]
218. Abolition of fee simple determinable and possibility of reverter.
219. Termination after thirty years of rights of entry created after July 1, 1960.
220. Repealed, 1960. [Repealed]
221. Termination and preservation of forfeiture restrictions created before July 1, 1960.
222. Exceptions to KRS 381.219 and 381.221.
223. Application of KRS 381.218, 381.219, 381.221, 381.222, and 381.223.
224. Rule against perpetuities abrogated.
225. Permissible period of power of alienation under trust -- Future interest.
226. Applicability of KRS 381.224 and 381.225 to property interests and powers of appointment -- Construction of provisions requiring vesting within period provided by common law rule against perpetuities.
230. Possession unnecessary in action for trespass.
231. Definitions.
232. Liability for certain injuries.
240. Title to land in adverse possession not to be certified.
250. Certification prohibited when more than one patent.
260. Grants-in-aid of charity valid.
270. Gift to charity not defeated for want of trustee.
280. Forfeiture of right to property for killing or victimizing decedent -- Exemptions -- Escheat to elder and vulnerable victims trust fund.
290. Rights of alien intending to be naturalized.
300. Realty of nonresident alien liable to escheat after eight years unless he becomes citizen.
310. Spouses and children of citizens -- Property rights.
320. Alien's right as to personalty -- As to realty if resident.
330. Nonresident alien -- Rights as to real property inherited.
340. Nonresident alien -- Distribution of property on death of.
350. Waste by tenant for life or years -- Forfeiture -- Damages.
360. Remainderman or reversioner may bring action for waste.
370. Action by heir for waste done in ancestor's lifetime.
380. Waste by seller before delivery of possession.
390. Waste by joint tenant.
400. Damages when waste wantonly committed.
410. Action against representative of tenant -- Revivor.
420. Waste committed while action pending -- Receiver -- Injunction.
430. Possession of minerals and other interests in land -- Effect on possession of surface.
440. Excavations in a city of the first class and consolidated local government -- Protection of adjacent property.
445. Repealed, 1966. [Repealed]
450. Tenants may remove improvements from city lots, when.
460. Occupant in good faith to be paid for improvements.
470. Proceedings to ascertain value of improvements.
480. Oath of jurors.
490. Inquest -- Proceedings -- Duty of court.
500. Assessment of damages.
510. Inquest may be quashed and new writ awarded.
520. Witnesses -- How summoned.
530. Copies of inquest -- Fees of sheriff.
540. Trial on return of inquest -- Rents.
550. Lien of occupant.
560. Judgment for lien satisfied if all land taken.
570. Growing crop.
580. Repealed, 1976. [Repealed]
590. Repealed, 1976. [Repealed]
600. Repealed, 1976. [Repealed]
610. Repealed, 1976. [Repealed]
620. Repealed, 1976. [Repealed]
630. Repealed, 1976. [Repealed]
635. Right of condemnation of underground passageway to mine.
636. Findings required by commissioners in condemnation of underground passageway -- Basis of compensation -- Immediate possession.
640. Joint owners of private passway to share costs.
650. Enforcement of payment of joint expenses.
660. Condemnation for underground water pipes.
670. Owner's consent required for certain routes.
680. Person condemning land may enter it, when.
690. Protection of burial grounds by cities.
695. Repealed, 1978. [Repealed]
697. Cemeteries maintained by legal owners.
700. Care of burial grounds by owners.
710. Evidence of dedication or use of land as burying ground.
715. Burial rights in cemetery lots -- Abandonment -- Resale by cemetery.
720. Abandoned cemetery in certain cities, proceedings to vest title in city.
730. Notice of suit.
740. Assertion of claim to compensation for value of interest in cemetery or lot.
750. Judgment -- Removal of bodies and monuments.
755. Removal of grave or cemetery on application of landowner or county -- Procedure -- Expenses.
760. Cost of proceeding -- Burden of proof.
765. Disinterment, removal, and reinterment of graves by Commonwealth, political subdivision or electric power company; Removal by licensed funeral director.
767. Contracts exempt from KRS 381.765.
770. Abatement of nuisance -- Exceptions -- Enforcement ordinance -- Lien -- Personal liability of property owner.
775. Voluntary agreement with property owner for demolition or removal or dilapidated building.
780. Removal of open toilets in city of first or second class -- City's lien on property for cost of removal.
Horizontal Property Law
805. Short title.
810. Definitions for KRS 381.805 to 381.910.
815. Establishment of a condominium property regime.
820. Conveyance of units -- Recordation.
825. Joint or common ownership.
827. Requirements for subdividing units.
830. Ownership of unit -- Use of general common elements.
835. Recording -- Requirements of master deed or lease -- Record of floor plans.
837. Master deed exceptions.
840. Individual deeds -- Contents.
845. Repealed, 1974. [Repealed]
850. Waiver of regime -- Effect of encumbrances.
855. Subsequent reestablishment of regime.
860. Administration of building.
865. Repealed, 2012. [Repealed]
870. Maintenance -- Pro rata contribution -- Adjustments.
875. Exemptions.
880. Repealed, 1966. [Repealed]
883. Lien for unpaid assessments -- Foreclosure -- Suit.
885. Insurance.
890. Destruction -- Reconstruction.
895. Repealed, 1974 [Repealed]
897. Individual and common liabilities for injuries or damages.
900. Tax assessments -- Individual liability -- Forfeiture or sale.
905. Interpretation of KRS 381.805 to 381.910.
910. Planning and zoning.
KENTUCKY CONDOMINIUM ACT
9101. Short title for KRS 381.9101 to 381.9207.
9103. Application and construction of KRS 381.9101 to 381.9207.
9105. Definitions for KRS 381.9101 to 381.9207.
9107. Variation by agreement.
9109. Separate assessments, titles, and taxation.
9111. Applicability of local ordinances, regulations, building codes, or other real estate use law.
9113. Eminent domain.
9115. Supplemental general principles of law applicable to KRS 381.9101 to 381.9207.
9117. Construction against implicit repeal of KRS 381.9101 to 381.9207.
9119. Purposes and policies of KRS 381.9101 to 381.9207 -- Kentucky Condominium Act to be liberally construed.
9121. Severability of invalid provision or application.
9123. Obligation of good faith.
Creation, Alteration, and Termination of Condominiums
9125. Creation of condominium.
9127. Unit boundaries.
9129. Construction and validity of declaration and bylaws.
9131. Description of units.
9133. Contents of declaration.
9135. Leasehold condominiums.
9137. Allocation of common element interests, votes, and common expense liabilities.
9139. Limited common elements.
9141. Plats and plans.
9143. Exercise of development rights.
9145. Alteration of units.
9147. Relocation of boundaries between adjoining units.
9149. Subdivision of units.
9151. Easement for encroachments.
9153. Easement rights.
9155. Amendment of declaration.
9157. Termination of condominium.
9159. Rights of secured lenders.
9161. Master associations.
9163. Merger or consolidation of condominiums.
Management of Condominium
9165. Organization of unit owners' association.
9167. Powers of unit owners' association -- Emergency assessments.
9169. Executive board members and officers.
9170. Discharge of board member's duties -- Standards for monetary damages and injunctive relief.
9171. Transfer of special declarant rights.
9173. Bylaws.
9175. Upkeep of condominium -- Expenses and income in connection with real estate subject to development rights.
9177. Meetings of the association.
9179. Quorums.
9181. Voting -- Proxies.
9183. Tort and contract liability.
9185. Conveyance or encumbrance of common elements.
9187. Insurance.
9189. Surplus funds.
9191. Assessments for common expenses.
9193. Lien for assessments.
9195. Other liens affecting the condominium.
9197. Association records -- Financial report.
9199. Association as trustee.
Protection of Condominium Purchasers
9201. Applicability of KRS 381.9201, 381.9205, and 381.9207 -- Modification or waiver by agreement -- Certificate not required in certain cases.
9203. Documentation to be furnished by seller of unit -- Certificate.
9205. Release of liens.
9207. Declarant's obligation to complete and restore.
Mineral Deeds
930. Purposes of KRS 381.935 to 381.945.
935. Definitions.
940. Rules of construction for mineral deeds relating to coal extraction.
945. Written agreement in deed directing how surface to be reclaimed.
Penalties
990. Penalties.